I can’t give any hard and fast rules here as the optimal settings will depend on your individual camera and scope, however I can give a few general pointers from my own experience. Also the planet will present as a small dim target so you will be imaging at high gain. Unless you are imaging at a very long focal length with a large scope it is unlikely that you will be lucky enough to capture detail within the atmosphere of Uranus so rotation limits are pretty academic.
I’d suggest limiting capture times to 120 seconds if conditions allow. Saturn has a lower surface brightness than Jupiter when imaging at long focal lengths so exposure times will have to be longer resulting in it taking more time to capture a decent number of frames. As Jupiter presents as a bright target in IR, red, green and blue wavelengths you should still be able to capture a large number of frames at a reasonable frame rate within these limits. Try to keep individual captures below 60 seconds, preferably around 45 seconds. At opposition I would suggest limiting each capture to a maximum of 90 seconds. Time will vary with the apparent size of Mars as it presents very differently when it is at opposition compared to when it is further away from us on its journey around the Sun. Generally IR will suffice and if you want to reveal cloud structures IR & UV. In other wavelengths Venus is so bright that time limit shouldn’t be a factor anyway. No practical limit to length of captures, however if imaging cloud structures in UV you may want to restrict to a few minutes especially as image brightness tends to be quite dim in this wavelength. Generally you only need IR as you will not be looking to bring out colour but rather attempting to show phases and surface detail, you will however need lots of IR captures for stacking. No practical limit to length of captures or number of datasets. I try to keep my imaging runs within a reasonable time frame to reduce limb blurring, as mentioned earlier, but if you are shooting with a colour camera, or your target rotates slowly you can get away with a lot more, its then about your level of desire to process large amounts of data! I aim to shoot around 5 sets of IR, R, G, B data, as a general rule the more data sets you have the better so this is not a hard and fast limit. The times I’ve given also take into consideration the fact that we are adding the time taken to capture through each of the 4 filters together, though each suggestion is for an individual filter run. I’ve given some suggestions below to act as a starting point but these are only suggestions, it definitely pays to experiment with your own set up. The actual theoretical maximum capture time you can get away with without blurring will depend on the pixel size of your camera and the focal length of your telescope so timings will vary.
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This blurring can be mitigated by using software such as WinJupos and AutoStakkert (which I will cover in detail later), but I try to keep my ‘sub-captures’ within the limits detailed below, and the overall capture period (remember we are taking multiple sets of data) in the case of Jupiter to around 30 minutes to reduce blurring around the limbs of the planet. This rotation can have a significant effect on the sharpness of your images as features will smear when stacked due to their movement over the capture period, the longer the duration of your capture video the worse it will be. Just as the Earth rotates on its axis, so do the other planets in our Solar System, some faster and some much slower.
This section covers what I believe are the key points to consider regarding camera settings and capture duration, assuming that you are imaging at the longer focal lengths required for high resolution planetary photography. I’ve covered the importance of seeing, focus and image scale in an earlier post - High Resolution imaging of the Moon ( ), so won’t restate the criticality of these factors here.
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